Hydroponics is a branch of hydroculture involved with growing of plants without soil but mineral nutrient solutions and water. Terrestrial plants are now grown without water, but root systems immersed in nutrient solutions. Plants need to receive water to grow well. Methods of delivering water and nutrient are many and diverse. Some major ones include hanging root systems in nutrient solutions directly, placing root systems in substrates in containers, and finally misting the roots.
Substrates replace soils in cases where plants are suspended in the substrates. Various kinds of substrates exist today. Major ones include sawdust, perlite, pebbles, wood chips, rockwool, and sand. Substrates are made with great ability to allow gaseous exchange and prevent water loss. Root systems grow deep into the substrates to offer support. Many people in the world are engaged in this form of agriculture because it presents several benefits. Today one can spot a hydroponics store anywhere.
The history of this technology is a long one. Francis Bacon was the first person to write a book on the technology in the year 1627. The book was printed several years after Bacon had already died and since then, people gained interest in the technology. A lot of research was done around that time with several publications coming out since 1699. A lot of modifications have been done to original findings and inventions.
Today, only two major kinds of hydroponics exist, that is, solution culture and medium culture. Solution cultures do not involve use of any solid medium. Nutrient solutions are the only ones used. On the contrary, solid mediums are used in medium cultures to provide support to root systems.
Solution cultures can be placed into three subcategories. Static solution cultures, aeroponics, and continuous-flow solution cultures are the three kinds of solution cultures. The mediums used in medium cultures determine the name of the culture. That is why there are cultures like gravel and sand cultures. Another criterion that is used to classify hydroponics is mode of irrigation. Here are two main categories, that is, sub-irrigation and top irrigation.
Hydroponic reservoirs used today are usually made from plastic material although wood, metal, vegetable solids, concrete, and glass have been used in the past. In fact, some reservoirs are still made from such materials. To avoid growth of algae, the reservoirs or containers must be placed in places where there is not light totally.
Nutrients are supplied to plants in a dissolved form. Major forms are ionic and inorganic. Hydroponic solutions are made following different recipes and usually involve combining different chemicals to attain certain compositions. Macronutrients are derived from chemicals such as potassium phosphate, calcium nitrate, potassium nitrate, and magnesium sulfate. Salts usually become over concentrated as plants deplete minerals and water. Therefore, close monitoring is necessary.
The technology is being exercised on large scale in several countries. The constant supply of nutrients to plants coupled with lack of pests leads to high yields. However, plant growth is limited by lower levels of Carbon dioxide and restricted sunlight exposure.
Substrates replace soils in cases where plants are suspended in the substrates. Various kinds of substrates exist today. Major ones include sawdust, perlite, pebbles, wood chips, rockwool, and sand. Substrates are made with great ability to allow gaseous exchange and prevent water loss. Root systems grow deep into the substrates to offer support. Many people in the world are engaged in this form of agriculture because it presents several benefits. Today one can spot a hydroponics store anywhere.
The history of this technology is a long one. Francis Bacon was the first person to write a book on the technology in the year 1627. The book was printed several years after Bacon had already died and since then, people gained interest in the technology. A lot of research was done around that time with several publications coming out since 1699. A lot of modifications have been done to original findings and inventions.
Today, only two major kinds of hydroponics exist, that is, solution culture and medium culture. Solution cultures do not involve use of any solid medium. Nutrient solutions are the only ones used. On the contrary, solid mediums are used in medium cultures to provide support to root systems.
Solution cultures can be placed into three subcategories. Static solution cultures, aeroponics, and continuous-flow solution cultures are the three kinds of solution cultures. The mediums used in medium cultures determine the name of the culture. That is why there are cultures like gravel and sand cultures. Another criterion that is used to classify hydroponics is mode of irrigation. Here are two main categories, that is, sub-irrigation and top irrigation.
Hydroponic reservoirs used today are usually made from plastic material although wood, metal, vegetable solids, concrete, and glass have been used in the past. In fact, some reservoirs are still made from such materials. To avoid growth of algae, the reservoirs or containers must be placed in places where there is not light totally.
Nutrients are supplied to plants in a dissolved form. Major forms are ionic and inorganic. Hydroponic solutions are made following different recipes and usually involve combining different chemicals to attain certain compositions. Macronutrients are derived from chemicals such as potassium phosphate, calcium nitrate, potassium nitrate, and magnesium sulfate. Salts usually become over concentrated as plants deplete minerals and water. Therefore, close monitoring is necessary.
The technology is being exercised on large scale in several countries. The constant supply of nutrients to plants coupled with lack of pests leads to high yields. However, plant growth is limited by lower levels of Carbon dioxide and restricted sunlight exposure.
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